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标题: 禅机诗意之饮茶 “三得” [打印本页]
作者: www 时间: 2013-12-3 15:27
标题: 禅机诗意之饮茶 “三得”
一曰得趣。饮茶可清心,能给人以满足和享受,增添生活的情趣。饮茶讲究“活火活水”,水以泉水为佳,因为泉水经过沙石岩土的过滤,吸收二氧化碳,溶解了钠、钾、钙等60多种元素,使水质洁净甘洌,营养丰富;火以木炭为上,火候以状如“蟹眼已过鱼眼生,飕飕欲作松风鸣”的三沸水为好。品茶要依靠视觉、触觉、嗅觉和味觉,凭藉自己有素的训练与长时间的体验,通过对茶叶色、香、味、形的鉴赏,才能品尝出茶汤的芳香与滋味。饮茶对人有造境、通理、体性和怡神的作用。亲朋故旧聚首,泡壶好茶,含英咀华、细细啜饮,边谈边饮、谈古道今、越谈越饮、融合轻松、意得情新,别有一番“尘心洗尽兴难尽”的雅趣,给人以一种不是神仙胜似神仙的感觉! 二曰得神。《神农食经》上记载:“茶茗久服、令人有力,悦志。”其意思是饮茶能使人精力饱满、兴奋愉悦。饮茶的妙处在于清虚和睦。它崇尚简质恬淡,不迎合世俗的习气,而在于申明“无我”的意识,帮助人们“洗胸中之积滞、致清和之精气”,给人以一个自信而含蓄、祥和而清丽的文化氛围。人们如有机会在武夷山水濂洞下的茶馆里,用山顶“活源”流下的泉水沏一杯岩茶,观飞瀑山色,品甘冽香茗,自有一种太和之气,使人眼福口福兼而得之,顿生“气荡空谷、魂销青山”的心神胸臆!饮茶还能以“清醇恬静、自然澹泊”的神韵,使人们从古朴雄浑的中华民族传统文化之中,感悟“以茶可行道”的国饮精华,其主旨是劝告人们尊重茶礼、恪守茶德:“廉俭育德、美真康乐、和城处世、敬爱为人”,有助于社会文化的教化、和谐与稳定。
三曰得味。饮茶最讲究的就是一个“味”字。在我国宋代,人们饮茶有一条法则,谓“新茶、甘泉、器皿干净为一;天气景色宜人为二;风流儒雅、心性相同者为三。”这就是说,努力做到茶要“新、香、纯”,水要“清、洌、甘”,茶具要“小、雅、古”,环境要“清、朴、静”,才能得其真味,领悟其“清高”之道。它还要求随季节时序的更替而选择搭配茶叶和茶具。这里以八闽人士和本土产茶为例,春季饮茉莉花茶或玫瑰花茶,用青色瓷盖碗冲沏为宜;夏季饮菊花茶或玫瑰茄茶,用白瓷盖碗斟酌为好;秋季饮铁观音或水仙茶,用紫砂壶泡为上;冬季饮“三大工夫茶”(政和工夫茶、坦洋工夫茶、白琳工夫茶),用紫砂壶煨煮,做到天心、人心、茶心互相感应、贯通合一,使人们从饮茶的禅机诗意中,饮尝享有“东方美人”之称的中国茶叶的风华韵味,传承其芳泽爱心。
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